Fe activates xanthine oxidase (XO) and Cu deactivates it, so that as men accumulate

Fe w age (ferritin >45 ng/dl) & Cu v as testosterone v w age (TES increases Cu half life), the ^ Fe/Cu results in ^ active XO & ^^ urate.

Excess Fe can be eliminated through phlebotomy (blood donation) and low Cu can be corrected through daily intake of 2 mg Cu per day.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur...